The carbonization principle of a horizontal carbonization furnace is a core process that transforms materials through high-temperature heat treatment. Essentially, under specific conditions, volatile components are effectively removed from carbon-containing materials such as biomass, resulting in a solid product with a high fixed carbon content—biochar.

This process relies heavily on precise temperature control and an oxygen-free environment. Within the sealed furnace, the material undergoes a gradual process from drying and preheating to high-temperature decomposition. Under continuous heating and oxygen-deficient conditions, elements such as hydrogen and oxygen in the material escape as gases, while carbon is retained to the greatest extent possible, completing the transformation from the original material to a stable carbon.

The horizontal structure provides an ideal platform for implementing this principle. The horizontal layout of the furnace facilitates uniform material transportation and heating. By adjusting the temperature range and material residence time, the degree of carbonization and the quality of the final product can be precisely controlled, ensuring the continuity and stability of the carbonization process.

In summary, the carbonization principle of the horizontal carbonization furnace cleverly combines thermodynamics and equipment engineering. It is not just a simple heating process, but also a controllable and efficient chemical transformation art, which has opened up a highly efficient way for the resource utilization of biomass energy and materials.