The carbonization depth of the carbonizer is one of the core indicators that determine the quality of charcoal, which directly affects the combustion efficiency, density and use of charcoal. By precisely controlling the carbonization process parameters, the carbonization degree of wood can be flexibly adjusted to produce charcoal products of different grades.

Temperature is the main variable for adjusting the carbonization depth. Shallow carbonization usually requires the temperature in the furnace to be controlled between 200-300℃. At this time, pyrolysis occurs on the surface of the wood, and the internal fiber structure is partially retained. The resulting charcoal is lighter and burns faster, making it suitable for use as a fast-burning fuel. Deep carbonization requires the temperature to be raised to 400-600℃ to fully decompose the organic components inside the wood and form a dense, high-carbon content structure. This type of charcoal has a high calorific value and a long duration, and is suitable for industrial smelting or high-end barbecue charcoal.

In order to achieve a uniform carbonization depth, a gradient heating strategy is required. For example, in the initial stage, the temperature is slowly increased (50-80℃ per hour) to promote heat penetration from the outside to the inside, avoiding excessive carbonization of the surface and incomplete internal reaction; in the mid-term stage, the constant temperature time can be selected according to the target depth. The higher the temperature, the longer the constant temperature time, and the thicker the carbonization layer. In addition, the hot air circulation system of the equipment needs to be optimized to ensure uniform temperature distribution in the furnace to avoid local overheating or low-temperature dead corners.

For special needs (such as surface hardening while retaining a certain toughness inside), the heat source can be interrupted immediately after the wood is treated in the high temperature section for a short time, and the residual heat can be used to complete partial carbonization. This "outside charcoal and inside tough" carbon material has unique value in the field of artistic carving or functional building materials.

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